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T-62
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DB12919 |
[T-62 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia.] |
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Nepicastat
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DB12979 |
[Nepicastat has been investigated for the treatment of Cocaine Dependence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.] |
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Tegafur-uracil
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DB09327 |
[Tegafur-uracil is an anti-tumor compound containing tegafur (1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. It was developed as an anti-cancer therapy by Taiho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.[A32073] It is approved in different countries but it is not yet approved by the FDA, Health Canada or EMA.] |
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Mumps virus strain B level jeryl lynn live antigen
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DB10316 |
[Mumps virus strain B level jeryl lynn live antigen is a live attenuated virus vaccine for subcutenous injection. It is an active immunization against mumps, which is a common childhood disease.] |
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Incyclinide
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DB11647 |
[Incyclinide has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV Infection, AIDS-related Kaposi Sarcoma, Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors, and Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific.] |
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Ammonia N-13
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DB09326 |
[Ammonia N 13 Injection, USP is a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical that is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The active ingredient, [13N] ammonia, has the molecular formula of 13NH3 with a molecular weight of 16.02.
Ammonia N 13 Injection, USP is used for imaging of the myocardium under rest or pharmacologic stress conditions to evaluate myocardial perfusion in patients with suspected or existing coronary artery disease.] |
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Conatumumab
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DB11646 |
[Conatumumab has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sarcoma, Lymphoma, Oncology, Colon Cancer, and Rectal Cancer, among others.] |
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Measles virus strain enders' attenuated edmonston live antigen
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DB10315 |
[Measles virus strain enders' attenuated edmonston live antigen is a live virus vaccine for simultaneous vaccination against measles, which is a common childhood disease. The vaccine is prepared from the attenuated line of measles virus, derived from Enders' attenuated Edmonston strain and propagated in chick embryo cell culture.] |
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Human papillomavirus type 58 L1 capsid protein antigen
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DB10314 |
[Human papillomavirus type 58 L1 capsid protein antigen is contained in Gardasil is a vaccine for intramuscular injection. It is an immunization for young men and women 9-26 years of age for the prevention of diseases caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type 58. The vaccine is prepared from the purified virus-like particles (VLPs) of the major capsid (L1) protein of HPV Type 58 which are produced by separate fermentations in recombinant *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* and self-assembled into VLPs.] |
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PF-4191834
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DB11645 |
[PF-4191834 has been investigated for the basic science of Asthma.] |
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Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated
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DB09329 |
[Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated, was approved by the FDA in December 2016 as the product _Adynovate_ [FDA label].
Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), PEGylated, is a recombinant full-length human coagulation factor VIII (2,332 amino acids with a molecular weight (MW) of approximately 280 kDa) covalently conjugated with at least one molecule of polyethylene glycol (MW 20 kDa) [FDA label]. It has been created to increase the half-life of factor VIII, which decreases dose frequency and decreases the occurrence of bleeding events [A32067], [A32069], [FDA label].
PEGylation is the covalent attachment of a polyethylene glycol polymer, called PEG, to a drug or protein. PEGylation decreases factor VIII clearance and allowing for an increased duration of drug circulation in the plasma [L1529].] |
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Vayarin
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DB09328 |
[Vayarin is a prescription medical food for the clinical dietary management of certain lipid imbalances blamed to be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Vayarin contains _Lipirinen_, a proprietary composition containing phosphatidylserine-omega 3, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [L1500, L14501, L1510]. Vayarin is currently available only by prescription in the USA [L1502]. This drug has also been used for management of hypertriglyceridemia [L1503].
Vayarin is an orally administered prescription medical food for the clinical dietary management of complex lipid imbalances thought to be associated with ADHD. Vayarin is a specially formulated and designed to address the distinct, previously determined lipid nutritional requirements of children with ADHD, the dietary management of which cannot be achieved with lifestyle modification [L1502].
Vayarin is a novel therapy for ADHD that appears to be effective in several studies [L1501, L1502, L1503]. Approximately 60% of the users who completed 12 weeks of therapy reported subjective benefits from treatment. A slow response time of 12 weeks is an impediment to successful management of ADHD as only 41.6% of subjects prescribed Vayarin remained compliant for the duration of the study. Cost of the drug and patient aversion to the taste of Vayarin were significant reasons for therapy failure [L1502].] |
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Tafamidis
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DB11644 |
[Tafamidis is a novel specific transthyretin (TTR) stabilizer or dissociation inhibitor. TTR ordinarily assumes a tetramer configuration that primarily serves to transport retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex as well as thyroxine (to a small degree) in the blood. In TTR-related disorders such as TTR familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP), tetramer dissociation is accelerated and results in unregulated amyloidogenesis and amyloid fibril formation. The unwanted deposition of such formations in various tissues eventually contributes to the failure of autonomic and peripheral nervous system functions.
Tafamidis was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2011 under the market name Vyndaqel for the treatment of transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP) in adult patients with early-stage symptomatic polyneuropathy to delay peripheral neurologic impairment. In June 2017, Pfizer received FDA Fast Track Designation for tafamidis which was later approved in May, 2019 for use in the treatment of cardiomyopathy in wild type or hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis.
Tafamidis was developed by Jeffery W. Kelly in the company FoldRx that he had co-founded with Susan Lindquist of MIT and the Whitehead Institute.] |
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Human papillomavirus type 52 L1 capsid protein antigen
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DB10313 |
[Human papillomavirus type 52L1 capsid protein antigen is contained in Gardasil is a vaccine for intramuscular injection. It is an immunization for young men and women 9-26 years of age for the prevention of diseases caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type 52 The vaccine is prepared from the purified virus-like particles (VLPs) of the major capsid (L1) protein of HPV Type 52 which are produced by separate fermentations in recombinant *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* and self-assembled into VLPs.] |
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Pyronaridine
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DB12975 |
[Pyronaridine has been investigated for the treatment of Malaria.] |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 capsular polysaccharide antigen
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DB10319 |
[Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 capsular polysaccharide antigen is a vaccine that contains highly purified capsular polysaccharides from the invasive pneumococcal type 1 of *Streptococcus pneumoniae*. It is an active immunization for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection against pneumococcal disease such as pneumococcal pneumonia and pneumococcal bacteremia.] |
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Robatumumab
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DB12976 |
[Robatumumab has been used in trials studying the treatment of Osteosarcoma, Sarcoma, Ewing's, and Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumor.] |
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Varicella Zoster Vaccine (Live/attenuated)
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DB10318 |
[Live attenuated zoster vaccine is available as two products: Zostavax for the prevention of shingles in immunocompetent people over the age of 50, and Varivax for the prevention of chickenpox in individuals 12 months of age and older. While the two vaccines contain the same immunological components and provide protection against the same virus, Zostavax contains a higher dose and is used in older adults to prevent the development of shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia.
First approved in May 2006 by the Food and Drug Administration, Zostavax was the first vaccine available for the prevention of shingles. Since October 2017, however, it has been replaced as first line therapy by Shingrix ([DB13924]), a more effective and longer lasting vaccine[L1038]. Both Varivax and Zostavax are composed of a lyophilized preparation of live, attenuated Oka/Merck strain of varicella-zoster virus.
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is the virus that commonly causes Chickenpox (also known as Varicella) in childhood [L1040]. Following initial infection of VZV and resolution of Chickenpox as a child, VZV then lies dormant within the dorsal root ganglion of the central nervous sytem. Decades later, when the body's immune system weakens with age, VZV is able to reactivate and descend through the nerve cells to the surface of the skin where it causes a painful blistering rash, known as shingles (or Herpes Zoster). Risk factors for developing shingles include old age, with rates increasing substantially in person's over the age of 50, low immune function or immunosuppression, psychological stress, and diabetes. Person's living with HIV or cancer, those taking immunosuppressants, and transplant recipients are particularly at risk [L1037].
One of the most common complications associated with shingles is the development of Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN), a persistant severe nerve pain that develops as a result of chronic pain from shingles lesions. PHN can last for days, months, or even years following resolution of shingles. Other complications also include bacterial infection, spread of the shingles rash to the eye (herpes zoster ophthalmicus) or ear, nerve palsies, or spread of VZV to non-immune persons via contact with varicella lesions.
There are numerous advantages to using Shingrix over Zostavax. Clinical trials for Shingrix have shown greater than 90% efficacy in adults aged 50 and older, with 89% efficacy in preventing postherpetic neuralgia in patients 70 years and older and 91% efficacy in patients 50-70 years of age. This is a significant improvement over its predecessor, Zostavax, which reduces the risk of shingles by only 51% and the risk of post-herpetic neuralgia by 67% [A31349]. Efficacy of Zostavax also wanes over time, with protection against shingles and PHN lasting only around 5 years. Efficacy for prevention of shingles is highest in patients 60-69 years old and decreases with increasing age. Furthermore, because Shingrix is an inactivated vaccine it can also be used to prevent shingles and PHN in individuals with suppressed immune systems, who are already at increased risk of developing shingles, while Zostavax, a live attenuated vaccine, is contraindicated.] |
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Lersivirine
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DB11649 |
[Lersivirine has been used in trials studying the treatment of HIV-1.] |
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Simenepag isopropyl
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DB12977 |
[Simenepag isopropyl has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma, Open-Angle.] |
