All terms in DRUGBANK

Label Id Description
Pheniprazine DB09250 [Pheniprazine is an irreversible and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine chemical class that was used as an antidepressant in the 1960s. In addition, it was used for the treatment of other conditions, such as angina pectoris and schizophrenia. Pheniprazine was withdrawn by its manufacturer due to its ability to cause toxicity in the liver and its ability to cause optic neuritis.]
Safrazine DB09253 [Safrazine is a member of the hydrazine family with non-selective and irreversible inhibitor effects against monoamine oxidases. In 1960, it was used as an antidepressant but it is now discontinued.]
Pivhydrazine DB09252 [Pivhydrazine, also known as pivazide, is a member of the hydrazine family with irreversible and non-selective inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidases. In 1960, it was widely used as an antidepressant agent but it is now discontinued.]
Dextran DB09255 [Dextran is a polysaccharide that differs from others in that its glucose units are joined together 1:6 glucoside links. The main chain of glucose has short branches at frequent intervals which are probably joined by 1:3 and 1:4 glucoside links. The chains can be composed of about 200,000 glucose units.[A32011] Many bacteria, like _Leuconostoc_, can synthesize dextran from sucrose, and this activity is used commercially to obtain dextran.[T121] Dextran 40 is a sterile, nonpyrogenic preparation of low molecular weight dextran (average mol. wt. 40,000) in 5% Dextrose Injection or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection. It is administered by intravenous infusion. Dextran 75 is a complex branched glucan with an average molecular weight 75000 Daltons. It is produced from certain bacteria that with α-1,6 glycosidic linkages between glucose molecules and α-1,3 linkages between branches. When labelled with technetium Tc99m, dextran 75 is intravenously administered as an imaging agent to detect and diagnose conditions in the vascular compartment such as pericardial effusion or ventricular aneurysm.]
Caroxazone DB09254 [Caroxazone is an antidepressant that has been withdrawn from the market. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of both A and B monoamine oxidase subtypes. However, it presents a five-fold preference for the MAO-B subtype.]
Gimeracil DB09257 [Gimeracil is an adjunct to antineoplastic therapy, used to increase the concentration and effect of the main active componets within chemotherapy regimens. Approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in March 2011, Gimeracil is available in combination with [DB03209] and [DB09256] within the commercially available product "Teysuno". The main active ingredient in Teysuno is [DB09256], a pro-drug of [DB00544] (5-FU), which is a cytotoxic anti-metabolite drug that acts on rapidly dividing cancer cells. By mimicking a class of compounds called "pyrimidines" that are essential components of RNA and DNA, 5-FU is able to insert itself into strands of DNA and RNA, thereby halting the replication process necessary for continued cancer growth. Gimeracil's main role within Teysuno is to prevent the breakdown of [DB00544] (5-FU), which helps to maintin high enough concentrations for sustained effect against cancer cells [L933]. It functions by reversibly and selectively blocking the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is involved in the degradation of 5-FU [A31408]. This allows higher concentrations of 5-FU to be achieved with a lower dose of tegafur, thereby also reducing toxic side effects.]
Tegafur DB09256 [Tegafur (INN, BAN, USAN) is a prodrug of [DB00544] (5-FU), an antineoplastic agent used as the treatment of various cancers such as advanced gastric and colorectal cancers. It is a pyrimidine analogue used in combination therapies as an active chemotherapeutic agent in conjunction with [DB09257] and [DB03209], or along with [DB00544] as [DB09327]. Tegafur is usually given in combination with other drugs that enhance the bioavailability of the 5-FU by blocking the enzyme responsible for its degradation, or serves to limit the toxicity of 5-FU by ensuring high concentrations of 5-FU at a lower dose of tegafur [L933]. When converted and bioactivated to 5-FU, the drug mediates an anticancer activity by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) during the pyrimidine pathway involved in DNA synthesis. 5-FU is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.]
Reviparin DB09259 [Reviparin is a low molecular weight heparin which seems to have a better safety profile than unfractionated heparin.[A32019] It is prepared from porcine intestinal mucosa by nitrous acid depolymerization. Reviparin has a molecular weight of 3.9 kDa.[A32021] It was developed by Abbott laboratories and in 2009, reviparin presented an orphan drug designation by the FDA.[L1469]]
Bemiparin DB09258 [Bemiparin is an antithrombotic and belongs to the group of drugs known as the low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Like semuloparin, bemiparin is classified as an ultra-LMH because of its low mean molecular mass of 3600 daltons, which is a unique property of this class [A7866]. These heparins have lower anti-thrombin activity than the traditional low molecular weight heparins and act mainly on factor-Xa, reducing the risk of bleeding due to selectivity for this specific clotting factor. Interestingly, current research is underway for the potential benefit of bemiparin in the treatment of tumors and diabetic foot ulcers [L1468, A7866].]
Conestat alfa DB09228 [C1 Esterase Inhibitor (Recombinant) is a recombinant analogue of endogenous complement component-1 esterase inhibitor (rhC1INH), purified from the milk of transgenic rabbits. The primary function of endogenous C1INH is to regulate the activation of the complement and contact system pathways. It does this through inhibition of several target proteases within these pathways including activated C1s, kallikrein, factor XIIa and factor XIa. C1 esterase inhibitor has also been shown to inhibit the action of thrombin within the coagulation pathway, and tPA and plasmin within the fibrinolytic pathway. Deficiency of C1-inhibitor allows for increased plasma kallikrein activation and subsequent production of bradykinin. Additionally, C4 and C2 cleavage occurs resulting in auto-activation of the complement system. Down-stream effects of the lack of enzyme inhibition by C1 esterase inhibitor results in swelling due to leakage of fluid from blood vessels into connective tissue and consequently the presentation of hereditary angioedema (HAE). Marketed as the product Ruconest (FDA), this drug is indicated for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency in adults. Intravenous replacement of C1 esterase inhibitor results in reversal of acute symptoms of HAE.]
Barnidipine DB09227 [Barnidipine is a long-acting novel calcium antagonist that belongs to the dihydropyridine (DHP) group of calcium channel blockers. Used in the treatment of hypertension, barnidipine displays high affinity for the calcium channels of the smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall [L1131] and selectivity against cardiovascular L-type calcium channels [A7842]. Barnidipine contains two chiral centres thus can have four possible enantiomers. The active component is composed of a single optical isomer (*3'S, 4S* configuration), which is the most potent and longest-acting of the four enantiomers [A31567]. Compared to several other calcium antagonists which are racemates, the barnidipine compound consisting of a single enantiomer may offer a high degree of pharmacological selectivity [A31567]. According to a dose-ranging, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, the antihypertensive response from barnidipine treatment was maintained after a 1-year and 2-year follow-up period in 91% of the patients who had an initial response to the drug [A7842]. In two European multicentre randomized, double-blind trials, barnidipine was shown to possess equivalent antihypertensive efficacy to amlodipine and nitrendipine, but produced fewer class-specific side-effects [A31568]. It also demonstrated clinical efficacy which is similar to that of atenolol, enalapril and hydrochlorothiazide [A7842]. It is available in modified-release oral tablets under the brand name Vasexten to be taken once daily in the morning. Barnidipine has a gradual onset of action and is shown to be well tolerated in patients. It does not produce reflex tachycardia [A7842].]
Semduramicin DB11545
Aranidipine DB09229 [Aranidipine is a novel dihydropyridine derivative that gives rise to two active metabolites (M-1α and M-1β) that exhibit hypotensive activity. It is a calcium antagonist with the formula methyl 2-oxopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate.[A31895] It was developed by Maruko Seiyaku, introduced by Taiho and launched in Japan in 1997.[T88]]
GS-9256 DB12876 [GS-9256 has been used in trials studying the treatment of HCV Infection and Chronic Hepatitis C Infection.]
Oxatomide DB12877 [Oxatomide has been used in trials studying the treatment of Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne.]
AV-101 DB12878 [AV-101 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Neuropathic Pain.]
Omigapil DB12879 [Omigapil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy.]
Tiletamine DB11549 [This drug is a dissociative anesthetic agent that falls under the drug category of _NMDA receptor antagonists_. Tiletamine is chemically similar to another dissociative anesthetic, ketamine. Tiletamine hydrochloride, the salt form, exists as odorless white crystals.]
Vonicog Alfa DB12872 [Vonicog Alfa is a recombinant von Willebrand factor manufactured by Baxalta. It was FDA approved in December 2015.[A32230] The gen of von Willebrand factor was first cloned in 1985 by Stuart Orkin and David Ginsburg.[L1849] By the EMA, vonicog alfa is still under clinical analysis.[L1862]]
Propiopromazine DB11540