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Certolizumab pegol
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DB08904 |
[Certolizumab pegol is a pegylated monoclonal antibody against the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).[A176585] It is formed with a humanized Fab fragment of 50 kDa, from an IgG 1 isotype, fused to a 40 kDa polyethylene glycol moiety replacing the Fc antibody region. The absence of the Fc region was ideated to prevent complement fixation and antibody-mediated cytotoxicity as well as to markedly increase its half-life.[A176606]
Certolizumab does not require glycosylation for active function and hence, its production is significantly more affordable when compared to other existing TNF-alpha therapies as it can be done directly in bacterial hosts such as _E. coli_.[A176606] It was developed and manufactured by UCB Pharma, first FDA approved in 2008[L4894] and updated for a new indication on March 28, 2019.[L5819]] |
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Formestane
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DB08905 |
[Formestane was the first selective, type I, steroidal aromatase inhibitor used in the treatment of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in post-menopausal women. Formestane suppresses estrogen production from anabolic steroids or prohormones. Formestane is also a prohormone of 4-hydroxytestosterone, an active steroid with weak androgenic activity and mild aromatase inhibitor activity. It is listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency for use in athletes.
Formestane has poor oral bioavailability, and thus must be administered forthnightly (bi-weekly) by intramuscular injection. Some clinical data has suggested that the clinically recommended dose of 250mg was too low. With the discovery of newer, non-steroidal and steroidal, aromatase inhibitors which were orally active and less expensive than formestane, formestane lost popularity.
Currently, formestane (categorized as an anti-estrogenic agent) is prohibited from use in sports in accordance to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency. It is not US FDA approved, and the intramuscular injection form of formestane (Lentaron) which was approved in Europe has been withdrawn.] |
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Fluticasone furoate
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DB08906 |
[Fluticasone furoate is a synthetic glucocorticoid available as an inhaler and nasal spray for various inflammatory indications[FDA Label][F4364]. Fluticasone furoate was first approved in 2007[L5965].] |
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Canagliflozin
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DB08907 |
[Canagliflozin, also known as _Invokana_, is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus along with lifestyle changes including diet and exercise [FDA label].
It was initially approved by the FDA in 2013 for the management of diabetes and later approved in 2018 for a second indication of reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus [L5897], [FDA label].
Canagliflozin is the first oral antidiabetic drug approved for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes [L5897]. Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in these patients [A177083].] |
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Dimethyl fumarate
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DB08908 |
[Dimethyl fumarate is an anti-inflammatory. It is indicated for multiple sclerosis patients with relapsing forms and is also being investigated for the treatment of psoriasis. The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradation to its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) then MMF up-regulates the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway that is activated in response to oxidative stress. Dimethyl fumarate is marketed under the brand name Tecfidera.] |
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Glycerol phenylbutyrate
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DB08909 |
[Glycerol phenylbutyrate is a nitrogen-binding agent. Chemically, it is a triglyceride in which three molecules of phenylbutyrate are linked to a glycerol backbone. FDA approved on February 1, 2013.] |
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(5-(PYRIDIN-3-YL)FURAN-2-YL)METHANAMINE
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DB07621 |
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Indenolol
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DB08952 |
[Indenolol is a drug of the beta-adrenergic blocker class.] |
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Indalpine
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DB08953 |
[Indalpine was one of the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to reach the American market. It was initially marketed by Pharmuka. However, after the emergence of widespread concern regarding adverse effects caused by SSRIs, and reported hematological effects caused by Indalpine, it was abruptly withdrawn from the US market.] |
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1-(3-(2,4-DIMETHYLTHIAZOL-5-YL)-4-OXO-2,4-DIHYDROINDENO[1,2-C]PYRAZOL-5-YL)-3-(4-METHYLPIPERAZIN-1-YL)UREA
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DB07622 |
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4,4'-DIPYRIDYL DISULFIDE
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DB07623 |
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Ifenprodil
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DB08954 |
[Ifenprodil is a selective NMDA receptor (glutamate) antagonist.] |
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Ibuproxam
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DB08955 |
[Ibuproxam is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).] |
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1-{[(3R)-3-methyl-4-({4-[(1S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl]phenyl}sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}cyclopropanecarboxamide
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DB07624 |
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4-(2-aminoethoxy)-N-(2,5-diethoxyphenyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide
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DB07625 |
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Hydroxydione
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DB08956 |
[Hydroxydione (Viadril) is a neuroactive steroid used as a general anesthetic.] |
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Hexoprenaline
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DB08957 |
[Hexoprenaline is a stimulant of beta 2 adrenergic receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic, and tocolytic agent.] |
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4-(2-aminoethoxy)-N-(3-chloro-2-ethoxy-5-piperidin-1-ylphenyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide
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DB07626 |
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(2S)-4-METHYL-2-(3-PHENYLTHIOUREIDO)-N-((3S)-TETRAHYDRO-2-HYDROXY-3-FURANYL)PENTANAMIDE
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DB07627 |
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Hexetidine
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DB08958 |
[A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene.] |
